Conditioned on the effects of age, sex, group size, seasonality, and El Niño–Southern Oscillation phases, we show low to moderate long-term repeatability (across years) of the proportion of time spent social (posterior mode : 0.207 ) and of average number of partners (0.144 ) (latent scale).
We analyze two measures of spatial association, using repeat sampling of 376 individuals (mean: 53.5 months per subject, range: 6–185 months per subject). We leverage a longitudinal database spanning 20 years of observation on individually recognized white-faced capuchin monkeys ( Cebus capucinus imitator), with a multi-generational pedigree. We use an advanced statistical method, known as the ‘animal model’, which incorporates pedigree information, to look at social, genetic, and environmental influences on sociality in a long-lived wild primate.
How within- and between-individual variation in relevant social traits arises in uncontrolled wild populations is challenging to determine but is crucial for understanding constraints on the evolution of sociality. Various aspects of sociality in mammals (e.g., dyadic connectedness) are linked with measures of biological fitness (e.g., longevity).
0 kommentar(er)
